What programming languages can you run on Android?

Short answer

On the phone, the Run button works for 16 languages and file types: JavaScript, TypeScript (types are stripped, not checked), shell, JSON, Markdown, HTML, SQL, Python 3.12, Ruby 3.2, PHP 8.2, Java (experimental and limited: a BeanShell interpreter, not a full compiler, and most object-oriented code, generics, lambdas and printf don't run), Kotlin (it may fall back to a script mode on recent Android) and C come with the app; Lua, Go (Yaegi, standard library only) and Rust-style scripts (Rhai, not rustc) are optional downloads. C++, C#, Swift, Dart, Zig and Perl are not available yet. The editor highlights 39 languages and installs language servers in one tap for 19 of them (TypeScript/JavaScript, Python, HTML/CSS/JSON, Markdown, YAML, Dockerfile, Bash, Vue, Svelte, Astro, GraphQL, MDX and Prisma), on Android 9+.